Reference

The following paper shouold be referred to to understand the Anomalous Hall Effect:

[1] N. Nagaosa, J. Sinova, S. Onoda, A. H. MacDonald, and N. P. Ong, “Anomalous Hall effect,” Rev. Modern Phys., vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 1539–1592, May 2010, doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1539.

Introduction

Introduction

An I-V curve measurement is performed by applying a series of voltages to the device. At each voltage, the current flowing through the device is measured. The supplied voltage is measured by a voltmeter connected in parallel to the device, and the current is measured by an ammeter connected in series. This voltmeter and ammeter can now be integrated to SMU: Source Measure unit, which has been used in this project.

As electronic devices continue to shrink to just a few nanometers, enabling the integration of billions of devices in computers, power consumption has surged beyond control, exceeding thermal limits and leading to failure. To address this issue, researchers are exploring an alternative to conventional electronics by harnessing the property of “spin” rather than “charge.” This emerging field, known as spintronics, compared to its counterpart electronics, holds the promise of more energy-efficient quantum computing and data storage, and beyond. Recent successes with van der Waals (vdW)–layered diluted magnetic chalcogenide semiconductors (dMCSs) are promising and have sparked a vibrant research community. This field is still in its infancy on the path to realizing the ultimate spintronics. But it is highly likely that the remaining scientific challenges can be overcome within the next decade or so.

Paths to Superintelligence

Networks and organizations

Another concievable path to superintelligence is Gradual enhancement of networks and organisations that link individual human minds with one another and various artifacts and bots.

Humanity has gained a lot in the collective intelligence in the form of many sources, including innovations in communictaions technology, such as writing and printing, and above all the introduction of language itself. increases in the size of the world population and the density of habitation; various improvements in organizational techniques and epistemic norms; and a gradual accumulation of institutional capital.

Threading

What is threading in python?

A thread is a separate flow of execution. This means that your program will have two things happening at once. But for most Python 3 implementations the different threads do not actually execute at the same time: they merely appear to.